Apparatus for tunneling.



No. 86mm..v

PATENTBDOCT. 1, 19.07.

laf-MAXWELL. APPARATUS VFOR YTUIINELIIIG. PPLIOLIIOB'HLED Nov. 24, 1905.xmuwnb .nmz 13,1907.

WITNESS ES PATENTEDOGT. 1,;1907. D. MAXWELL.

APPARATUS FOR. TUNNELING. APPLICATION IILLD Nov. a4, 199s.- LLNEWBD JULY1s, 1901.

5 SHEETS-slum z.

mvENToR' und WITN ESSES www@ @g4/@w No. 867,234. PATBNTLD 00T. 1, 1907.

D. MAXWELL.

APPARATUS FOR TUNNBLING. APPLICATION FILED Nov. 24, 1905. RENLWLDJULY1s. 1907.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Nq. `asf/,23-4.' PATENTBD- bcT. 1, 1901.--

D., MAXWELL'. APPARATUS'Fon-TUNNBLING.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 24,' 1905. "EBNBWED JULY 13, 1907.

5 SHEETS-SERIETA.

@www

NQ. 867,284. PAILNTL'D 00T; I, 1907.; D.l MAXWELL. APPARATUS IORTU-NNLLING.

A PPLIGLTION FILED 1107.24. 1905. RENLWD JULY 1'3. 1907.

@SII'EBTs'esIIEBTg-J.-

` I n *n D L n o '1. 1 l//////////////////// mvsnfon lNo. 867,284.'- f

U TED; sTnirns 4PrgrnNT OFFICE. Y, ".DAvrD MAXWELL,oFoAKMONr,'PnNNsYLvANIA. -AE

.. .j Annan-Ares noRsUNNELIirG. 'I i l Specicationof Lettersalfatent.l

Patented oct. 1, 1'907..

l 'ivpiietio md irbyemter 24, 1905. Serin No. 288,379. RnewedJuly' 13,19o?.A sennnmssaszs."

Tocll wlrom'it my concern:

'lle it known that -I, vDevin MAXWELL, of Oalgmont, lldgliiiyl'county,,lennsylvania, have 4 invented a new and useful Apparatus for Tunneling,of.which the ollowing is a full,c lea1, and exact description,-reference being had to theaccompanying drawings,

forming part of thisspeeification, in which:-

Figure l a vertical longitudinal section of a tunneling machine einbodying` my invention; Fig. 2 is a sectional planview on thel line Il -Ilof Fig. l; Fig. 3 is a rear elevation of theA machine; Fig. 4 is a frontelevation; Fig. 5 is averti-cal cross-section of the tunnel'looking'towardthe face; vand Fig. 6 is a diagram- View illustrating themethod of blasting.

The initialloperation. in themethod-of tunneling' whiclfl"employA -isillustrated in Fig. 5. By means o'f' my machine whichI willdescribehereinafter I for-1ny .in the rock of the tunnel a channel cut 2of arch form and of suitable depth, 'preferably about four feet,

theldepth being'gverned bythe length ofthe chan-V neling"' tool whichitis convenient to employ. I also drill-,in the face ofitheroclgpreferably at4 the same time the forming of the channel-cut aseries of blast-holes 3 which slant upward, theirI precise direc tioiibeing' determined by the `nature1 o the rock, as

u twill be'understood bylthosenskilled in the art. I also -I drill ratthe same time'rin ythe face of the rock a series of blast-holesli abovethe channelf'cut for the purpose of' blasting out an extexir space forthe accommodation of tlie timbering and masonry where the rock is soitandlthe 'tunnel therefore requires to be lined. After the channel 2. hasbeencut and the holes 3 and' drilled a`s` above stated, theand-'channeling machine is -from .the face of the rock, 'and the workofblasting is begun. The first -blast is'inade with the top row of the'holes 3 and with 'the holes at the .center i the series 4. These blast-A holes. 3 are directlylunderthe top of the channel-cut and the`holes4in which the-first blasting is done are directly abovethe same, so theeffect of the first blast is to make a clearance space beneath the apexof the channel-cut l2 and directly above the same and'. to dischargethe-loosened-:ro'ckin great part forwardly, causing it to fall uponaprons at the` base of the tunnel as explained below. Some of theloosened rock will,

j however, remain at the top. of the face in which aretheholes 3, Thenext blasting. `is done in the row lof holes 3 neirit'below, and `alsointhe holes 4 at the side ofthe; space above the channel-cut which hasbeen formed by the preceding blast. This discharges an additional.-mass-of rock from below the channel-cut upon the apron at thebase of thetunnel tbg'ether with the loose roel: remaining from the precedingblast, and also widens the blasted 'space above 'the `channel.The Work of blast# ing lis 'th ntinued, each successive blast being Aaspace around the outline of the tun masonry is applied preferably whenthfinished. The railsupon which the made in a row of holes 3 below thelast preceding one,

and in holes 4 successively outward from the middle.

-The distance betweenthe last two rows lof holes,- 4 and 4", islpreferably small so that only. Aa relatively small -amount of-Work willhave to be done in blastingv G9 these holes, and a light charge ofexplosive'being used the rock will notbe shatteredand a' solid seat 4bbeformed for the. timbering andlmasonry to spring from. When theblasting is finally completed it affords af'blastcd space'ofv the shapeindicated indiagram in 65 Fig. 6, the upper portion being of greater-width than the lower portion and having seats 4b for the masonry.' andtimbering as above stated.' Ifdesired the seats 4b can be formed bychanneling.

At each successive blast the material dislodged thereby falls upon acarrier which efxtends from side to side of the tunnel, and when theentire face'of the rock has thusv been blasted,- it is transferred fromthe carrier to cars in the tunnel, 'and the carrier'being withdrawn,

the drilling and channeling machine is again advanced, 75

and the work of channeling and drilling -ollqngved by blasting isrepeated. Asthe. tunneling proceeds the tirrlbering set in th widenedspace at the top of the tunnel and can becontinued so as to follow-theoperation of tunneling very 8.0

closely, say within about twelve feetf the end of the face ofthe rock;v'The channeling and drilling machine is provided with a surroundingshell forming a.' roofed structure on which the workmen may stand inplacing the timbers and onV which the upper drills and upper 85 Ichanneling carriage are supported. l The wider.\space at'the top of thetunnel which in" formed bythe blast-holes 4is of great advantage causeVit enables the timbering to be carried on concurrently with thedrillingand enables the drillingya'ridf'f() channeling machine to be advanced-and drawn Withoutinterference by the timbering, which being a ffullopening f or the passage of th' l ing :n acline= and the loading carstravel are addedi c tigns prefe1' ably four feet"v at a time, after'eachciiiplete operation of blastingthe face o'f the rock.

Figs'. 1,2; 3` and 4 show the channeling and drilling V100 machine. 'Theshell or frame of this machine consists oa plate structure 5strengthened -on the inside by ,stiffeners 6 and' composed'preferablyvoplates having lched marginal angles which-are placed 'preferably at thejoints'otthe plates; and if `desired the outside 105 ofthe shell may besimilarly strengthened on the viren-.2 A lar upper-portionby'stiffeners'.' This frame must I support .the drilling and channelingmachine!)r and must also be hollow sons to permit the apron and loadingcars to pass through it, s o that it \\i|l not he necesi-IL10 .rp. i l,MTl ris rack may also fonn a splice-bar connection pivpt by a cylinder 24operated preferably by water,

ing them on a. tilting head 25. which is' pivoted on an be turned nearlyan entire revolution, so aste direct by the screw-shafts 19 and alsovaried in direction by b i y 867,2

saryfte'i' each blast to move themachine entirely from the tunnel, whichif the tunnel were long would he a slow and expensive operation.

The [rame is mounted upon wheels S which run upon a track 9, and for thepurpose oi propelling tlie machine on the track to move it intochanneling and drilling position or to retract it from the face of therock,- I prefer to employr a -motor 10 connected by gearing 11;

clutches 12, worm-gear 13 and shaft 14 with a pinion 15 which is ingearwvith a rack 16 applied to the side of the between. the rails` andwhen the shafts 14 are driven the pinieps cause the machine to travelforward or back along the rails asmay be desired, The same motor 10 mayalso be connected through the gearing 11, clutches 16, worm-gearing 17and gearing 1S with screw-shafts 19 passing through nuts in a verticalhead or frame 20 which has a forwardly projecting portion. 22 carryingthe drills 2.1 and hinged to the trame 20 by a horizontal pivot 23 andadapted to be swung vertically on said so that the angle or' inclinationof the projecting portion 22 may be varied; and in conjunction with thevertical xnotonpf the frame 20 provided for by the screw-shafts 19 awide range of direction and' position maybe given w the drills 21. .Isnow four of the dans 21. .t son wider range of direction is afforded tothem by mountaxis 26 to the portion 22 of the frame and is provided withworm-wheels 27 adapted to he rotated by simultaneously actuating theworms 2S so that the head 25 may be turned on its pivot at any desiredangle, or may the drills 21 downwardly for the rpurpose of drillingvertical holes in the tioor of the tunnel it' desired. f

Each outer drill cylinder 29 together with an adjacent drill cylinder 30are mounted on laterally sliding flames or carriers 3 1 on the head 25,each cylinder being mounted on a vertical trunnion 32 on which it can beswung laterally'. Each frame 31 is movable in a hon'- zontal directionbya traveling nut 33 set on a screwshaft 34 adapted to be turned by ahand-wheel 35 or other suitable device.

The actuating cylinders of the drills 21 may be raisedthe mechanismabove described, so as to drill holes in any portion ot the face of thetunnel below the channel cut, and at any desired inclination.

The holes which are drilled outside or' the channel cut are made bydrills mounted on the outside of the frame 5 of the machine. Thesedrills 36 of which there may be any desired number are operated bypercussion-cylinders 37 connected by vertical tran--l nions and clamps3S to columns 39 along which they may be adjusted and clamped inposition. The columns 39 are carried by carriages 40 mounted on a pairof the stiffeners 7 which form rails therefor and have attached theretoracks 41 in which mesh pinions 42 on the carriage operated byworm-gearing 43 so that the carriage may be moved around the exterior ofthe frame to bring the drills to any desired position thereon. Thecolumns 39 are strengthened by braces 44. The adjustment or' thecylinders 3T on their trunnions and their lutcrul adjustment on thecolumns; together with the motion nl' thc. carriage J9 on the outside ofthe frame give-each of the drills 36 22 of the frame 20 at the angle to4which it is adjusted on its pivot, I- employ locking devices 45 (Figs. 1and 2) which are hinged at 46, and'are connected by lever-arms 47 and ashaft'48 to an operating lever 49,

by which they may .be retracted. They are' preferably forced forwardlyby springs A50 which hold them in engagement with radially-arranged ribs51 on the sides oi the-portion 22 of the frame, -thus holding theframesecurely in'any position to which it is adjusted by operation ofthe cylinders 24.

The apparatus by which the channel-cut 2 is formed in 'the rock is best'illustrated in Figs. 1-4.' The apparatus comprises vertically-slidingframes 52, mounted on the inside of the frame 5 of the machine, andcarried .by nuts 54 on vertical screw-shafts 55,

driven through gearing from amotor 57, softhat the sliding head 52 canbe raised and lowered to any position desired. The mechanism isarrangedso that these-heads can be moved -upan'd down substantiallywithout interruption in the manner of a channeling machine so that thetools which they carry will cut. a continuous channel in the face of therock.

Each frame carries amotor-,cylinder 58, .whosepistion is connected witha lcross-head 59 carrying the channeling tool 60. These cylinders areadvanced or retracted by hydraulic feeding cylinders 61`, which.

I employ for the first timefor the purpose o f feeding the workingcylinders of the tools, and as theyrender .unnecessary the employment offeed nuts, theyreduce greatly the wear of the machine and enhance itseiiiciency. The powerful action ofthe feed-cylinders enables-me to drawback the tool quickly if it happens to be lodged at the basefof thecut', and I thus increase greatly the speed of channeling. Where it.isdesired to employ two channel-cutters at each side of the machine, thehead 52`may be constructed to support two' feed-cylinders and twocutting-cylinders placed directly 'above the set shown in the drawings.Such duplication is only-necessary where the rock is of a hard nature.The cylinders 58 form the vertical channel-cuts of the tunnel. Thecurved channel-cut at the roof of the tunnel is formed by anotherslidinghead v`62 which is hung from the top of the frame 5 by guides 63.along which it may be traversed by a pinion 64 meshing with a.

stationary rack 65 and driven. by motors 66 through gearing GT. The headG2 can thus he moved around th'e arch of the frame 5 from end to endthereof. and. it carries channeling percussion-cylinders 66 andfeed-cylinders 67' at its end,'whiclr are constructed and arranged asdescribed with reference .to the cylinders 5S and (il. lThse cylindersmay be duplicated on the head 62. if desired. iu constant motion alongits slide by the operation oi the motor mi. j

For the purpose oi preventing lost motion or pounding of thciccd-cylimlcrs G7. I prefer lo one-rate them bv kce )imr both ends incommunicntiou with the The head is keptA will prevent any lost'motion,and the feed can be ctmtrolled with great exactness.

Those skilled in the art, after becoming familiar with the constructionabove particularly described, will be able to modify it in many waysWithout departure from the principles of my invention, assta-'ted in theciaims, since What I claim isz- 1. Tunneling apparatus comprising ahollow shellcarry` ing drilling machinery and made hollow`for thepassage of cars; substantially as described.

2. ln tunneling' apparatus, a hollow shell closed at its top and sidesand open at its ends and bottom to permit cars to pass therethrough',and drill mechanism carried by said shell substantially as described.

3. In tunneling apparatus, a hollow shell closed at its top and sidesand open at its endsl to permit cars to pass therethrough, and a drillmechanism movably mountedv within the shell substantially as described.

4. In tunneling apparatus, a hollow shell closed at the A top and sides,`and open at the ends to permit cars to pass therethrough, drillmechanism movably mounted within the shell, and other drill mechanismmounted on the roof' .0r top of the shell; substantially as described.

5. In a tunneling apparatus, a hollow shell clpsed at they top and sidesto protect workmen therein, and to form a platform for workmen on thetop thereof, said-shell being open at its ends to permit cars to` passtherethrough,

tracks np'on which the shell is mounted' `a motor.on the shellforactuating the same, and drill mechanism carried by the'shell;substantially as described.-

6. In tunneling apparatusya hollow shell, a vertically movable' drillcarrying frame mountedtherein, and having a vforwardly projectingportion connectedV thereto for independent vertical movement whereby itmay be-.givenldifferent angles of inclination, drills mounted thereon,and` means'for locking said portion in its different positions;

substantially as described.

7. Tunneling apparatus comprising. a frame carrying channel-cutters, anddrillseirterior to the channel-cutters; substantially as described. i vl 8. In tnneling apparatus, a hollow shell, a, verticallymovable drillcarrying frame mounted therein, and, having' Aa forwardly-projectingportion pivoted.. thereto'for independent vertlcal movement,A and arotary drill-carrying head lcarried by the pivoted portion.;substantially as described. i

9. In tunneling-apparatus, a hollow shell, a vertically-. movabledrill-carrying frame mountedtherein, and having a forwardly-projectingportion. pivoted theretov forA independent vertical movement,` a rotaryheadz carried by said portion, a laterally sliding frame or carrier onthe head,

and a drill cylinder mounted on said frame or carrier;`

lsubstantially asdescribed.

10. In tunneling apparatus, a hollow shell,.a verticallymovabledrill-carrying frame mounted therein, and havingwithin the shell, acurved track withinthe upper portion v of the shell, a carriagemovable-on said track and achannel cu'tter on said carriage;substantially as described.

13. In tunneling apparatus, a vertically-movable frame, means forraising and lowering the' same, 'a motor cylinder mounted on vthe frameand having its piston connected with a ehannelingvtool, and a'feeding-cylindertor-advancing and retracting the motor cylinder;substantially asdescribed. .v 14. In tunneling apparatus, a hollowarched shell closed at its top and open at its ends, carriagesmounted`exte-- yriorly on the top of the shell, and drill mechanism onthe carriages; substantially as described,

. 15. In tunneling apparatus, a hollow shelll having a,

closed top, a carriage movably mountedupon said top, drills mounted onsaid carriage,l andmot'or cylinders for actuating the ydrills;substantially'as'described.

16.J In tunneling apparatus, a' hollow arclied shell closed at the topand 'havingcurved tracks at the upper interior portionv thereof, a headmovable-on vsaid tracks, channel cutting mechanism carriedby said'head,and a motor for actuating the head ;i substantially as described.

. I7. In tunneling apparatus, a,hollow curved shell having the interior`'of its roof provided with tracks, a sliding h ead hung from the top ofthe shell and arranged tol traverse said tracks, a motor for actuatingthe headand channel cutters carried by the head; substantially asdescribed.

` In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set myv hand.

DAVID MAXWELL.

Witnesses:

IRENE M. PERKINs,. CHAnLns -F. DELBsIDGn.

